In compliance with european union eu legislation for visitors from the eu, schlumberger requests your permission to place cookies on your computer to both. Physical and chemical properties of crude oil and oil products. Oil with the least specific gravity has the highest api gravity. The american petroleum institute gravity, or api gravity, is a measure of how heavy or light a. A specific gravity scale developed by the american petroleum institute api for measuring the relative density of various petroleum liquids, expressed in degrees. Conversion calculators convert between different units. When converting oil density to specific gravity using the above definition, it is important to.
Use the online api to specific gravity converter to. Because specific gravity is a ratio, it is a unitless quantity. Active standard astm d287 developed by subcommittee. The formula to obtain api gravity of petroleum liquids, from specific gravity sg, is. Manual of petroleum measurement standards chapter 11.
In this spreadsheet, just type in the required information and press the compute button. They both can be used to measure the gravity of a fluid, such as hydraulic oil, in the same way that miles or kilometers can both be used to measure distance. The american petroleum institute established api gravity measure as a measure of the density of petroleum liquids relative to water. Api gravity correction for temperature in this spreadsheet, just type in the required information and press the compute button. Astm d287 12b2019 standard test method for api gravity of.
For example, the specific gravity of water at 4 o c is 1. Astmapiip table 6ab gives you the facts you need to convert product volumes observed at temperatures other than 60 f for values of api gravity in the range of 0 to 100 api. Accurate determination of density or api gravity of crude petroleum and liquid petroleum products is necessary for the conversion of measured volumes to volumes at the standard temperatures of 15 c or 60 f. For example, the specific gravity of water at 4oc is 1. Characterization of these products is most complex and often impractical. Specific gravity and plato content of sucrose used in the sugar, fruit juice and wine making industry.
The relative density of petroleum liquids can also be uncovered by using api gravity value. Suggested revisions are invited and should be submitted to the standards and publications department, api, 1220 l street, nw, washington, d. The crossed value is your api gravity corrected to 60 f. Engineering toolbox resources, tools and basic information for engineering and design of technical applications. Api american petroleum institute gravity is a dimensionless measure of the density of a petroleum liquid e. The 68 petroleum samples studied have api gravities ranging between 16 and 23, corresponding to medium and heavy oil, according to the anp brazilian agency of petroleum, natural gas and biofuels, kinematic viscosities in the range 57429 mm 2 s. Conversely, the specific gravity of petroleum liquids can be derived from the api gravity value as. Definition of api gravity of water provided by wikipedia. The american petroleum institute gravity, or api gravity, is a measure of how heavy or light a petroleum liquid is compared to water. Volume correction factor calculation development in. Clearly, chemical composition, in addition to api gravity, plays a role in the. An api of 10 is equivalent to water, which means any oil with an api above 10 will float on water while any with an api below 10 will sink. Volume correction factor calculation development in american.
Determination of api gravity, kinematic viscosity and. Such factors shall be obtained from the api isoastmip petroleum measurement tables tab56. The arbitrary formula used to obtain this effect is. As the weight of an oil is the largest determinant of its market value, api gravity is exceptionally important. D28712b2019 standard test method for api gravity of crude petroleum and. For jet fuels, we extended the curve upward using the original equation without entering the transition zone. Using the following formula, api gravity can also be used to calculate how many barrels of crude oil can be. Allows the use of other base temperatures other than 60 of and 20 o c. An astm designation number identifies a unique version of an astm standard. Density, specific gravity, and api gravity researchgate. An api gravity of 10 means the petroleumbased liquid being measured has about the same density mass per unit volume as water. A catalog of api publications and materials is published annually and updated quarterly by api, 1220 l street, n. Corrected api gravity for temperature other than 60 deg f.
Specific gravityis a ratio of the mass of a material to the mass of an equal volume of water at 4 oc. Astm d6822 12b2017 standard test method for density. Conversion factors important for crude oil chemists. Api gravity conversion from observed temperature to 60 deg f using the app has following fixturesbenefits. With this api gravity calculator errors can be avoided created by the transition zone compared to the printed tables. Gtp api gravity calculator app with the gammon api gravity calculator, users can determine corrected api at 60 degrees f for jet a, gasoline, and diesel fuels. Specific gravity to salinity conversion table for 60. To convert an api gravity reading to 60f, we usually use astm table 5b. The api gravity is the form usually employed in petroleum exploration and production sector to represent the density. The density will be displayed as a specific gravity ratio in the lower text box. F hydrometers values taken from tables provided by the lamotte company, chestertown, md, usa temperature. F xi 5a generalized crude oils correction of observed api gravity to api gravity at 60.
The left and right margins of the table are annotated with the temperature. Api authorized pressure vessel inspectors must have a broad knowledge base relating to maintenance, inspection, repair, and alteration of pressure vessels. Api gravity is thus an inverse measure of the relative density of a petroleum liquid and the density of water, but it is used to compare the. Oil and gas correlations api gravity correction ioilfield. And just like kilometers and miles, neither is more accurate than the other. The api gravity is used to classify oils as light, medium, heavy, or extra heavy.
In the refining industry, the density of an oil is usually expressed in terms of api gravity, a parameter whose units are degrees o api e. While it has no units of measurement, an oils rating is expressed as api degrees. May 30, 2017 api gravity is a measure of the density of hydrocarbon fluid that has been used widely for long period of time. The fundamental characteristics of heavy crude oils are high viscosity and density, chemical complexity, high acidity, high sulfur, increased level of metal and heteroatom impurities, high asphaltenes content, low american petroleum institute. Conversely, an api gravity less than 10, will cause petroleum liquid to sink in. Api gravity crude oil is an indispensable starting material for all types of products and various other fuels, oils, and lubricants. Standard test method for density, relative density speci. Physical and chemical properties of crude oil and oil products 1 density, specific gravity, and api gravity density is defined as mass per unit volume of a fluid. Dec 18, 2016 api gravity conversion from observed temperature to 60 deg f using the app has following fixturesbenefits. The scale of api gravity was adjusted so that most petroleum liquids fall between 10 and 70 degrees api gravity. A stands for api gravity the api gravity of a product is very important in determining the characteristics of the petroleum product.
Api gravity express the gravity or density of liquid petroleum products. Api gravity is one of the key characteristics of crude oil that, along with other characteristics such as sulfur content, is used by refiners when evaluating different crude streams for processing into petroleum products. If its api gravity is greater than 10, it is lighter and floats on water. Tables 4 and 5 give the relation between specific gravity, degrees a. Black book s retail listings data is mapped to black book vehicle descriptions, providing accuracy down to the trim level.
The api authorized pressure vessel inspector certification examination is designed to determine if individuals have such knowledge. Api gravity is a system developed by the american petroleum institute to measure how light or heavy a petroleumbased liquid is in comparison to water. Any oil with an api score under 10 degrees sinks in water. The formula to obtain api gravity of petroleum liquids, from specific gravity sg, is conversely, the specific gravity of petroleum liquids can be derived from the api gravity value as. Manual of petroleum measurement standards chapter 11physical. A specific gravity scale developed by the american petroleum institute for measuring the relative density of various petroleum liquids, expressed in degrees. Todays blog entry provides the correlation equations for hhv and lhv with certain boundaries for fuel gases, liquid fuels and petroleum coke. Therefore, the measurements of more simple properties such as flash point, vapor pressure, and viscosity have become standard chemical. For avgas, we extended the gasoline curve downward in the same manner. Api gravity is graduated in degrees on a hydrometer instrument and was designed so that most values would fall between 10 and 70 api gravity. Astm d287 12b2019 standard test method for api gravity. Api is devised jointly by the american petroleum institute and the nist national institute of standards and technology.
Api gravity api gravity express the gravity or density of liquid petroleum products. Conversely, an api gravity less than 10, will cause petroleum liquid to sink in water. Specific gravity and api gravity are both measurements of density. Generalized products, correction of volume to 60 f. Nov 03, 2017 a specific gravity scale developed by the american petroleum institute api for measuring the relative density of various petroleum liquids, expressed in degrees. Additionally, the calculator provides users with the functionality to calculate the total weight of the fuel on hand. Generalized products, correction of observed api gravity to api gravity at 60 f. The measuring scale is calibrated in terms of degrees api. Genoil ghu has developed a technology that can convert heavy refined products into more valuable. Api gravity is thus an inverse measure of a petroleum liquids density relative to that of water. How to measure density, specific gravity and api gravity. Crude oil api gravity conversion to 60 deg f and volume. The greater the api gravity, the less dense the liquid.
Impressive api gravity temperature correction calculator. Sg specific gravity at 60of specific gravity can be calculated from api gravity. Api gravity is a measure of the density of hydrocarbon fluid that has been used widely for long period of time. Exhibit 2indicates the quality of a typical lightcrude 35api and a typical heavycrude 25api, in terms of their natural yields of light gases, gasoline components, distillate mainly jet fuel and diesel components, and heavy oils. To learn more about this property, lets apply the amspec approach. Conversion calculators convert between different units of measurement. The api gravity or american petroleum institute gravity is a term often used to measure how heavy or light a petroleum liquid is comparing to water. A application api gravity, or the american petroleum institute gravity, is a measure of how light or heavy a petroleum liquid is compared to. Heavy crude oils are defined as any liquid petroleum with an api gravity in the range of 1022. Density is a state function and for a pure compound depends on both temperature and pressure and is shown by liquid. Apr 11, 2016 how to measure density, specific gravity and api gravity. For an api gravity greater than 10, a petroleum liquid will float on water. Density is defined as mass per unit volume of a fluid. Domestic crude oil first purchase prices by api gravity dollars per barrel period.
The density of crude oil and liquid hydrocarbons is usually reported in terms of specific gravity sg or relative density, defined as the density of the liquid material at 60f 15. Important conversion factors in petroleum technology. Allows the use of other base temperatures other than 60. The gammon api gravity calculator provides users the ability to determine the corrected api at 60 deg f for jet a, gasoline, and diesel. Use the online api to specific gravity converter to find the sp gr of an oil by providing the api gravity. The specific gravity table published by the american petroleum institute api is a tool for determining the relative density of various types of oil. University of zakho faculty of engineering school of petroleum engineering practical petroleum properties lab. Determination of api gravity, kinematic viscosity and water. Specific gravity is a ratio of the mass of a material to the mass of an equal volume of water at 4 o c. Specific gravity sp gr measures the ratio of density of the substance to the density of water in a given temperature, i. Domestic crude oil first purchase prices by api gravity. Api gravity calculator crude oil api gravity chart.
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